HistoryCause and symptomsGeneticsEpidemiologyCase seriesDiagnosis and treatmentReferences Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is a rare multisystemic condition with characteristic skin lesions. Also known as Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome, it affects different sites of the body, including the skin, eyes, hair, teeth, nails, and central nervous system. Incontinentia pigmenti. Image Credit: Sashkin/Shutterstock.com The existence of neurological and/or visual impairment influences the severity of the disease. IP […]

The formation of empyemaSymptoms that are used as diagnostic factors for empyemaReference Further reading Empyema is an exudative effusion (an excessive collection of protein-rich fluid) accompanied by pus in the pleural cavity. The pleural space Is also known as the pleural cavity or intrapleural space and is defined as the space between the pleurae of the pleural sack that surrounds each […]

Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), the most prevalent epigenetic disorder, has a variety of clinical symptoms, including overgrowth, abdominal wall defects, and predisposition to embryonal tumors. The clinical symptoms of BWS range in severity and are commonly identified neonatally or in early childhood. Image Credit: Marko Poplasen/Shutterstock.com It is a human genomic imprinting disorder linked with changes in chromosome 11. The clinical symptoms […]

The current state of vaccine designWhat is systems biology?The impact of systems biology on vaccine designWhat challenges are involved?What does the future look like for this topic?ReferencesFurther reading Immunology has undergone a revolution thanks to vaccinations. Systems immunology integrates various experimental and computational approaches to comprehend the intricate interactions between the immune system and pathogens. By using these methods, researchers […]

What are biomedical databases?The role of biomedical databasesSome applications of biomedical databasesWhat are the conclusions?References Further reading Healthcare has undergone dramatic revolutions over the last few decades with the introduction of technology. This is especially so with the collection of medical data using everyday objects such as smartphones, the drastic drop in the price of hitherto esoteric tests, and the application […]

What is antimicrobial resistance?What are the factors associated with antimicrobial resistance?Poverty and antimicrobial resistanceReferences Further reading Antimicrobial resistance has become a significant public health concern worldwide because of its long-lasting adverse effects on managing microbial infections. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), poverty is crucial to developing antimicrobial resistance. Image Credit: Fahroni/Shutterstock.com What is antimicrobial resistance? Antimicrobials are medicines used to […]

The world is fighting the deadly Coronavirus pandemic. Therefore the news and social media are focused on COVID-19, its effects, and preventive measures. We’ve heard new terms like quarantine, isolation, social distancing, etc., frequently. It can get a little overwhelming, especially since we can’t meet anyone outside of the home to discuss how we’re feeling. Talking about isolation, confined to […]

IntroductionThe problemClinical presentationTypes of Urinary TBComplicationsDiagnosis Management References Further Reading ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​Introduction Urinary tract tuberculosis is usually caused by the bacilli spread through the bloodstream from chronic latent pulmonary tuberculosis. In many cases, the condition's occurrence goes unrecognized, mistaken for those coincident symptomatic urinary tract infections (UTIs) by other microbes. Tuberculosis (TB) is the number 1 killer among infections worldwide. It causes 10 million […]

What is REM sleep disorder?How common is REM sleep behavior disorder?How is REM sleep behavior disorder diagnosed?What is the underlying biological basis for REM sleep behavior disorder?ReferencesFurther reading Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder or RBD is a serious medical condition involving dream enactment behavior and loss of muscle atonia. It is far from uncommon and recent studies have […]

Introduction1948: the birth of the World Health Organization1955: campaign to reduce malaria transmission begins1958-1977: smallpox eradication1960s: cholera and yellow fever disease control and eradication1974: childhood immunization1978: Alma-Ata1987: safe Motherhood Initiative1988: polio eradication1990s: campaigning for healthy lifestyles1992: environmental degradation and health1993: UNAIDS2019: the COVID-19 pandemicHealth for allReferences and Further Reading Public health has changed dramatically in the 75 years since the […]